Irrotational flow: From Bernoulli's equations, high pressure results in low velocity. For a river to meander, secondary flow must dominate. From here, two opposing processes occur: (1) irrotational flow and (2) secondary flow. When a fluid is introduced to an initially straight channel which then bends, the sidewalls induce a pressure gradient that causes the fluid to alter course and follow the bend. This in turn increases carrying capacity for sediments on the outer bank and reduces it on the inner bank, so that sediments are eroded from the outer bank and redeposited on the inner bank of the next downstream meander. This produces helicoidal flow, in which water moves from the outer to the inner bank along the river bed, then flows back to the outer bank near the surface of the river.
Meanders are a result of the interaction of water flowing through a curved channel with the underlying river bed. Straight channel culminating in a single bend Its modern Turkish name is the Büyük Menderes River.
Erosion meander river diagram series#
It flows through series of three graben in the Menderes Massif, but has a flood plain much wider than the meander zone in its lower reach. The Meander River is south of Izmir, east of the ancient Greek town of Miletus, now Milet, Turkey. Strabo said: ‘.its course is so exceedingly winding that everything winding is called meandering.’ As a result, even in Classical Greece (and in later Greek thought) the name of the river had become a common noun meaning anything convoluted and winding, such as decorative patterns or speech and ideas, as well as the geomorphological feature. The term derives from the winding river Menderes located in Asia-Minor and known to the Ancient Greeks as Μαίανδρος Maiandros ( Latin: Maeander), characterised by a very convoluted path along the lower reach. Streams or rivers with a single channel and sinuosities of 1.5 or more are defined as meandering streams or rivers. The sinuosity of a watercourse is the ratio of the length of the channel to the straight line down-valley distance. The degree of meandering of the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse is measured by its sinuosity. Over time, meanders migrate downstream, sometimes in such a short time as to create civil engineering challenges for local municipalities attempting to maintain stable roads and bridges. It typically ranges from 15 to 18 times the width of the channel. The zone within which a meandering stream periodically shifts its channel is known as a meander belt. The result of this coupled erosion and sedimentation is the formation of a sinuous course as the channel migrates back and forth across the axis of a floodplain. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar. The Jordan River, near the Dead Sea, 1937Ī meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse.
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